IPC to BNS Converter

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 replaced the Indian Penal Code, 1860 on 1 July 2024. Type an IPC section number to see which BNS section replaced it.

Based on the BPR&D BNS–IPC corresponding section table (UP Police, 2024-06-28), a police training aid rather than a statutory instrument. Check the Act before relying on it. This is not legal advice.

IPCBNSChange
IPC 1Title and extent of operation of the CodeBNS 1Short title, commencement and applicationSame provision
IPC 2Punishment of offences committed within IndiaBNS 1(3)Short title, commencement and applicationSame provision
IPC 3Punishment of offences committed beyond, but which by law may be tried within, IndiaBNS 1(4)Short title, commencement and applicationSame provision
IPC 4Extension of Code to extra-territorial offencesBNS 1(5)Short title, commencement and applicationSame provision
IPC 5Certain laws not to be affected by this ActBNS 1(6)Short title, commencement and applicationSame provision
IPC 6Definitions in the Code to be understood subject to exceptionsBNS 3General explanationsSame provision
IPC 7Sense of expression once explainedBNS 3(2)General explanationsSame provision
IPC 8GenderBNS 2(10)DefinitionsChanged
IPC 9NumberBNS 2(22)DefinitionsChanged
IPC 10“Man”. “Woman”BNS 2(19)DefinitionsBNS 2(35)DefinitionsSplit across sections
IPC 11“Person”BNS 2(26)DefinitionsChanged
IPC 12“Public”BNS 2(27)DefinitionsChanged
IPC 13[Omitted.]—DroppedRepealed before BNS: Omitted by the A. O . 1950.
IPC 14“Servant of Government”—Not listed in the official tableNot listed in the official correspondence table.
IPC 15[Repealed.]—DroppedRepealed before BNS: Rep. by the A. O . 1937
IPC 16[Repealed.]—DroppedRepealed before BNS: Rep ., ibid.
IPC 17“Government”BNS 2(12)DefinitionsChanged
IPC 18“India”—DroppedMarked deleted in the table
IPC 19“Judge”BNS 2(16)DefinitionsChanged
IPC 20“Court of Justice”BNS 2(5)DefinitionsChanged
IPC 21“Public servant”BNS 2(28)DefinitionsChanged
IPC 22“Moveable property”BNS 2(21)DefinitionsChanged
IPC 23“Wrongful gain”. “Wrongful loss”. Gaining wrongfully/ Losing wrongfullyBNS 2(36)DefinitionsBNS 2(37)DefinitionsBNS 2(38)DefinitionsSplit across sectionsSplit: the table lists IPC 23's 'wrongful gain' and 'wrongful loss' definitions against separate BNS clauses [p2].
IPC 24“Dishonestly”BNS 2(7)DefinitionsChanged
IPC 25“Fraudulently”BNS 2(9)DefinitionsChanged
IPC 26“Reason to believe”BNS 2(29)DefinitionsChanged
IPC 27Property in possession of wife, clerk or servantBNS 3(3)General explanationsSame provision
IPC 28“Counterfeit”BNS 2(4)DefinitionsChanged
IPC 29“Document”BNS 2(8)DefinitionsChanged
IPC 29A“Electronic record”—DroppedMarked deleted in the table
IPC 30“Valuable security”BNS 2(31)DefinitionsChanged
IPC 31“A will”BNS 2(34)DefinitionsChanged
IPC 32Words referring to acts include illegal omissionsBNS 3(4)General explanationsSame provision
IPC 33“Act”. “Omission”BNS 2(1)DefinitionsBNS 2(25)DefinitionsSplit across sections
IPC 34Acts done by several persons in furtherance of common intentionBNS 3(5)General explanationsSame provision
IPC 35When such an act is criminal by reason of its being done with a criminal knowledge or intentionBNS 3(6)General explanationsSame provision
IPC 36Effect caused partly by act and partly by omissionBNS 3(7)General explanationsSame provision
IPC 37Co-operation by doing one of several acts constituting an offenceBNS 3(8)General explanationsSame provision
IPC 38Persons concerned in criminal act may be guilty of different offencesBNS 3(9)General explanationsSame provision
IPC 39“Voluntarily”BNS 2(33)DefinitionsChanged
IPC 40“Offence”BNS 2(24)DefinitionsChanged
IPC 41“Special law”BNS 2(30)DefinitionsChanged
IPC 42“Local law”BNS 2(18)DefinitionsChanged
IPC 43“Illegal”.“Legally bound to do”BNS 2(15)DefinitionsChanged
IPC 44“Injury”BNS 2(14)DefinitionsChanged
IPC 45“Life”BNS 2(17)DefinitionsChanged
IPC 46“Death”BNS 2(6)DefinitionsChanged
IPC 47“Animal”BNS 2(2)DefinitionsChanged
IPC 48“Vessel”BNS 2(32)DefinitionsChanged
IPC 49“Year”. “Month”BNS 2(20)DefinitionsChanged
IPC 50“Section”—DroppedMarked deleted in the table
IPC 51“Oath”BNS 2(23)DefinitionsChanged
IPC 52“Good faith”BNS 2(11)DefinitionsChanged
IPC 52A“Harbour-“BNS 2(13)DefinitionsChanged
IPC 53PunishmentBNS 4PunishmentsChanged
IPC 53AConstruction of reference to transportation—DroppedMarked deleted in the table
IPC 54Commutation of sentence of deathBNS 5Commutation of sentenceSame provision
IPC 55Commutation of sentence of imprisonment for lifeBNS 5(b)Commutation of sentenceSame provision
IPC 55ADefinition of "appropriate Government"—Not listed in the official tableNot listed in the official correspondence table.
IPC 56Sentence of Europeans and Americans to penal servitude—DroppedRepealed before BNS: Rep. by the Criminal Law (Removal of Racial Discriminations) Act, 1949 (17 of 1949) (w.e.f. 6-
IPC 57Fractions of terms of punishmentBNS 6Fractions of terms of punishmentSame provision
IPC 58Offenders sentenced to transportation how dealt with until transported—DroppedRepealed before BNS: Rep. by the Code of Criminal Procedure (Amendment) Act, 1955 (26 of 1955), see. 117and Sch. (w
IPC 59Transportation instead of imprisonment—DroppedRepealed before BNS: Rep. by the Code of Criminal procedure(Amendment) Act, 1955(26 0f 1955), s.117 and Sch.. (w.e.
IPC 60Sentence may be (in certain cases of imprisonment) wholly or partly rigorous or simpleBNS 7Sentence may be (in certain cases of imprisonment) wholly or partly rigorous or simpleSame provision
IPC 61Sentence of forfeiture of property—DroppedRepealed before BNS: Rep. by the Indian Penal Code (Amendment) Act, 1921 (16 of 1921), sec. 4.]
IPC 62Forfeiture of property, in respect of offenders punishable with death, transportation or imprisonment—DroppedRepealed before BNS: Rep. by the Indian Penal Code (Amendment) Act, 1921 (16of 1921), sec. 4.
IPC 63Amount of fineBNS 8Amount of fine, liability in default of payment of fine, etcChanged
IPC 64Sentence of imprisonment for non-payment of fineBNS 8(2)Amount of fine, liability in default of payment of fine, etcChanged
IPC 65Limit to imprisonment for non-payment of fine, when imprisonment and fine awardableBNS 8(3)Amount of fine, liability in default of payment of fine, etcChanged
IPC 66Description of imprisonment for non-payment of fineBNS 8(4)Amount of fine, liability in default of payment of fine, etcChanged
IPC 67Imprisonment for non-payment of fine when offence punishable with fine onlyBNS 8(5)Amount of fine, liability in default of payment of fine, etcChanged
IPC 68Imprisonment to terminate on payment of fineBNS 8(6)(a)Amount of fine, liability in default of payment of fine, etcChanged
IPC 69Termination of imprisonment on payment of proportional part of fineBNS 8(6)(b)Amount of fine, liability in default of payment of fine, etcChanged
IPC 70Fine levied within six years, or during imprisonment- Death not to discharge property from liabilityBNS 8(7)Amount of fine, liability in default of payment of fine, etcChanged
IPC 71Limit of punishment of offence made up of several offencesBNS 9Limit of punishment of offence made up of several offencesSame provision
IPC 72Punishment of person guilty of one of several offences, the judgment stating that it is doubtful of whichBNS 10Punishment of person guilty of one of several offences, judgment stating that it is doubtful of whichSame provision
IPC 73Solitary confinementBNS 11Solitary confinementSame provision
IPC 74Limit of solitary confinementBNS 12Limit of solitary confinementSame provision
IPC 75Enhanced punishment for certain offences under Chapter XII or Chapter XVII after previous convictionBNS 13Enhanced punishment for certain offences after previous convictionSame provision
IPC 76Act done by a person bound, or by mistake of fact believing himself bound, by lawBNS 14Act done by a person bound, or by mistake of fact believing himself bound, by lawSame provision
IPC 77Act of Judge when acting judiciallyBNS 15Act of Judge when acting judiciallySame provision
IPC 78Act done pursuant to the judgment or order of CourtBNS 16Act done pursuant to judgment or order of CourtSame provision
IPC 79Act done by a person justified, or by mistake of fact believing himself justified, by lawBNS 17Act done by a person justified, or by mistake of fact believing himself justified, by lawSame provision
IPC 80Accident in doing a lawful actBNS 18Accident in doing a lawful actSame provision
IPC 81Act likely to cause harm, but done without criminal intent, and to prevent other harmBNS 19Act likely to cause harm, but done without criminal intent, and to prevent other harmSame provision
IPC 82Act of a child under seven years of ageBNS 20Act of a child under seven years of ageSame provision
IPC 83Act of a child above seven and under twelve of immature understandingBNS 21Act of a child above seven and under twelve years of age of immature understandingSame provision
IPC 84Act of a person of unsound mindBNS 22Act of a person of unsound mindSame provision
IPC 85Act of a person incapable of judgment by reason of intoxication caused against his willBNS 23Act of a person incapable of judgment by reason of intoxication caused against his willSame provision
IPC 86Offence requiring a particular intent of knowledge committed by one who is intoxicatedBNS 24Offence requiring a particular intent or knowledge committed by one who is intoxicatedSame provision
IPC 87Act not intended and not known to be likely to cause death or grievous hurt, done by consentBNS 25Act not intended and not known to be likely to cause death or grievous hurt, done by consentSame provision
IPC 88Act not intended to cause death, done by consent in good faith for person’s benefitBNS 26Act not intended to cause death, done by consent in good faith for person’s benefitSame provision
IPC 89Act done in good faith for benefit of child or insane person, by or by consent of guardianBNS 27Act done in good faith for benefit of child or person of unsound mind, by, or by consent of guardianSame provision
IPC 90Consent known to be given under fear or misconceptionBNS 28Consent known to be given under fear or misconceptionSame provision
IPC 91Exclusion of acts which are offences independently of harm causedBNS 29Exclusion of acts which are offences independently of harm causedSame provision
IPC 92Act done in good faith for benefit of a person without consentBNS 30Act done in good faith for benefit of a person without consentSame provision
IPC 93Communication made in good faithBNS 31Communication made in good faithSame provision
IPC 94Act to which a person is compelled by threatsBNS 32Act to which a person is compelled by threatsSame provision
IPC 95Act causing slight harmBNS 33Act causing slight harmSame provision
IPC 96Things done in private defenceBNS 34Things done in private defenceSame provision
IPC 97Right of private defence of the body and of propertyBNS 35Right of private defence of body and of propertySame provision
IPC 98Right of private defence against the act of a person of unsound mind, etcBNS 36Right of private defence against act of a person of unsound mind, etcSame provision
IPC 99Act against which there is no right of private defenceBNS 37Acts against which there is no right of private defenceSame provision
IPC 100When the right of private defence of the body extends to causing deathBNS 38When right of private defence of body extends to causing deathSame provision
IPC 101When such right extends to causing any harm other than deathBNS 39When such right extends to causing any harm other than deathSame provision
IPC 102Commencement and continuance of the right of private defence of the bodyBNS 40Commencement and continuance of right of private defence of bodySame provision
IPC 103When the right of private defence of property extends to causing deathBNS 41When right of private defence of property extends to causing deathSame provision
IPC 104When such right extends to causing any harm other than deathBNS 42When such right extends to causing any harm other than deathSame provision
IPC 105Commencement and continuance of the right of private defence of propertyBNS 43Commencement and continuance of right of private defence of propertySame provision
IPC 106Right of private defence against deadly assault when there is risk of harm to innocent personBNS 44Right of private defence against deadly assault when there is risk of harm to innocent personSame provision
IPC 107Abetment of a thingBNS 45Abetment of a thingSame provision
IPC 108AbettorBNS 46AbettorSame provision
IPC 108AAbetment in India of offences outside IndiaBNS 47Abetment in India of offences outside IndiaSame provision
IPC 109Punishment of abetment if the act abetted is committed in consequence, and where no express provision is made for its punishmentBNS 49Punishment of abetment if act abetted is committed in consequence and where no express provision is made for its punishmentSame provision
IPC 110Punishment of abetment if person abetted does act with different intention from that of abettorBNS 50Punishment of abetment if person abetted does act with different intention from that of abettorSame provision
IPC 111Liability of abettor when one act abetted and different act doneBNS 51Liability of abettor when one act abetted and different act doneSame provision
IPC 112Abettor when liable to cumulative punishment for act abetted and for act doneBNS 52Abettor when liable to cumulative punishment for act abetted and for act doneSame provision
IPC 113Liability of abettor for an effect caused by the act abetted different from that intended by the abettorBNS 53Liability of abettor for an effect caused by act abetted different from that intended by abettorSame provision
IPC 114Abettor present when offence is committedBNS 54Abettor present when offence is committedSame provision
IPC 115Abetment of offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life-if offence not committedBNS 55Abetment of offence punishable with death or imprisonment for lifeSame provision
IPC 116Abetment of offence punishable with imprisonment-if offence be not committedBNS 56Abetment of offence punishable with imprisonmentSame provision
IPC 117Abetting commission of offence by the public or by more than ten personsBNS 57Abetting commission of offence by public or by more than ten personsChanged
IPC 118Concealing design to commit offence punishable with death or imprisonment for lifeBNS 58Concealing design to commit offence punishable with death or imprisonment for lifeSame provision
IPC 119Public servant concealing design to commit offence which it is his duty to preventBNS 59Public servant concealing design to commit offence which it is his duty to preventSame provision
IPC 120Concealing design to commit offence punishable with imprisonmentBNS 60Concealing design to commit offence punishable with imprisonmentSame provision
IPC 120ADefinition of criminal conspiracyBNS 61Criminal conspiracySame provision
IPC 120BPunishment of criminal conspiracyBNS 61(2)Criminal conspiracySame provision
IPC 121Waging, or attempting to wage war, or abetting waging of war, against the Government of IndiaBNS 147Waging, or attempting to wage war, or abetting waging of war, against Government of IndiaSame provision
IPC 121AConspiracy to commit offences punishable by section 121BNS 148Conspiracy to commit offences punishable by section 147Same provision
IPC 122Collecting arms, etc., with intention of waging war against the Government of IndiaBNS 149Collecting arms, etc., with intention of waging war against Government of IndiaSame provision
IPC 123Concealing with intent to facilitate design to wage warBNS 150Concealing with intent to facilitate design to wage warSame provision
IPC 124Assaulting President, Governor, etc., with intent to compel or restrain the exercise of any lawful powerBNS 151Assaulting President, Governor, etc., with intent to compel or restrain exercise of any lawful powerSame provision
IPC 124ASedition—DroppedMarked deleted in the table
IPC 125Waging war against any Asiatic Power in alliance with the Government of IndiaBNS 153Waging war against Government of any foreign State at peace with the Government of IndiaSame provision
IPC 126Committing depredation on territories of Power at peace with the Government of IndiaBNS 154Committing depredation on territories of foreign State at peace with the Government of IndiaSame provision
IPC 127Receiving Property taken by war on depredation mention in Sections 125 and 126BNS 155Receiving property taken by war or depredation mentioned in sections 153 and 154Same provision
IPC 128Public servant voluntary allowing prisoner of State or war to escapeBNS 156Public servant voluntarily allowing a prisoner of State or war to escapeSame provision
IPC 129Public servant negligently suffering such prisoner to escapeBNS 157Public servant negligently suffering such a prisoner to escapeSame provision
IPC 130Aiding escape of, rescuing or harbouring such prisonerBNS 158Aiding escape of, rescuing or harbouring such a prisonerSame provision
IPC 131Abetting mutiny, or attempting to seduce a soldier, sailor or airman from his dutyBNS 159Abetting mutiny, or attempting to seduce a soldier, sailor or airman from his dutySame provision
IPC 132Abetment of mutiny, if mutiny is committed in consequence thereofBNS 160Abetment of mutiny, if mutiny is committed in consequence thereofSame provision
IPC 133Abetment of assault by soldier, sailor or airman on his superior officer, when in execution of his officeBNS 161Abetment of assault by soldier, sailor or airman on his superior officer, when in execution of his officeSame provision
IPC 134Abetment of such assault, if the assault is committedBNS 162Abetment of such assault, if assault committedSame provision
IPC 135Abetment of desertion of soldier, sailor or airmanBNS 163Abetment of desertion of soldier, sailor or airmanSame provision
IPC 136Harbouring deserterBNS 164Harbouring deserterSame provision
IPC 137Deserter concealed on board merchant vessel through negligence of masterBNS 165Deserter concealed on board merchant vessel through negligence of masterChanged
IPC 138Abetment of act of insubordination by soldier, sailor or airmanBNS 166Abetment of act of insubordination by soldier, sailor or airmanChanged
IPC 138AApplication of foregoing sections to the Indian Marine Service—DroppedRepealed before BNS: Rep. by the Amending Act, 1934 ( 35 of 1934 ), s. 2 and Sch . ________________________________
IPC 139Persons subject to certain ActsBNS 167Persons subject to certain ActsSame provision
IPC 140Wearing garb or carrying token used by soldier, sailor or airmanBNS 168Wearing garb or carrying token used by soldier, sailor or airmanChanged
IPC 141Unlawful assemblyBNS 189Unlawful assemblySame provision
IPC 142Being member of unlawful assembly—Not listed in the official tableNot listed in the official correspondence table.
IPC 143PunishmentBNS 189(2)Unlawful assemblySame provision
IPC 144Joining unlawful assembly armed with deadly weaponBNS 189(4)Unlawful assemblySame provision
IPC 145Joining or continuing in unlawful assembly, knowing it has been commanded to disperseBNS 189(3)Unlawful assemblySame provision
IPC 146RiotingBNS 191RiotingChanged
IPC 147Punishment for riotingBNS 191(2)RiotingChanged
IPC 148Rioting, armed with deadly weaponBNS 191(3)RiotingChanged
IPC 149Every member of unlawful assembly guilty of offence committed in prosecution of common objectBNS 190Every member of unlawful assembly guilty of offence committed in prosecution of common objectSame provision
IPC 150Hiring, or conniving at hiring, of persons to join unlawful assemblyBNS 189(6)Unlawful assemblySame provision
IPC 151Knowingly joining or continuing in assembly of five or more persons after it has been commanded to disperseBNS 189(5)Unlawful assemblySame provision
IPC 152Assaulting or obstructing public servant when suppressing riot, etcBNS 195Assaulting or obstructing public servant when suppressing riot, etcChanged
IPC 153Wantonly giving provocation with intent to cause riot-if rioting be committed-if not committedBNS 192Wantonly giving provocation with intent to cause riot-if rioting be committed; if not committedSame provision
IPC 153APromoting enmity between different groups on grounds of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, etc., and doing acts prejudicial to maintenance of harmonyBNS 196Promoting enmity between different groups on grounds of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, etc., and doing acts prejudicial to maintenance of harmonySame provision
IPC 153AAPunishment for knowingly carrying arms in any procession or organising, or holding or taking part in any mass drill or mass training with arms—DroppedMarked deleted in the table
IPC 153BImputations, assertions prejudicial to national-integrationBNS 197Imputations, assertions prejudicial to national integrationChanged
IPC 154Owner or occupier of land on which an unlawful assembly is heldBNS 193Liability of owner, occupier, etc., of land on which an unlawful assembly or riot takes placeSame provision
IPC 155Liability of person for whose benefit riot is committedBNS 193(2)Liability of owner, occupier, etc., of land on which an unlawful assembly or riot takes placeSame provision
IPC 156Liability of agent of owner of occupier for whose benefit riot is committedBNS 193(3)Liability of owner, occupier, etc., of land on which an unlawful assembly or riot takes placeSame provision
IPC 157Harbouring persons hired for an unlawful assemblyBNS 189(7)Unlawful assemblySame provision
IPC 158Being hired to take part in an unlawful assembly or riotBNS 189(8)Unlawful assemblyBNS 189(9)Unlawful assemblySplit across sectionsSplit: IPC 158's 'or to go armed' clause is listed against its own BNS clause [p12].
IPC 159AffrayBNS 194AffrayChanged
IPC 160Punishment for committing affrayBNS 194(2)AffrayChanged
IPC 161Repealed—DroppedRepealed before BNS: Rep. by the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 (49 or 1988), sec. 31.]
IPC 162Repealed—DroppedRepealed before BNS: Rep. by the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 (49 or 1988), sec. 31.]
IPC 163Repealed—DroppedRepealed before BNS: Rep. by the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 (49 or 1988), sec. 31.]
IPC 164Repealed—DroppedRepealed before BNS: Rep. by the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 (49 or 1988), sec. 31.]
IPC 165Repealed—DroppedRepealed before BNS: Rep. by the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 (49 or 1988), sec. 31.]
IPC 165ARepealed—DroppedRepealed before BNS: Rep. by the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 (49 or 1988), sec. 31.]
IPC 166Public servant disobeying law, with intent to cause injury to any personBNS 198Public servant disobeying law, with intent to cause injury to any personSame provision
IPC 166A(Punishment for non recording of information)BNS 199Public servant disobeying direction under lawSame provisionOur IPC data has a different title for 166A; the table's title is the Act's [p13].
IPC 166BPunishment for non treatment of victimBNS 200Punishment for non-treatment of victimSame provision
IPC 167Public servant farming an incorrect document with intent to cause injuryBNS 201Public servant framing an incorrect document with intent to cause injurySame provision
IPC 168Public servant unlawfully engaging in tradeBNS 202Public servant unlawfully engaging in tradeChanged
IPC 169Public servant unlawfully buying or bidding for propertyBNS 203Public servant unlawfully buying or bidding for propertySame provision
IPC 170Personating a public servantBNS 204Personating a public servantChanged
IPC 171Wearing garb or carrying token used by public servant with fraudulent intentBNS 205Wearing garb or carrying token used by public servant with fraudulent intentChanged
IPC 171ACandidate, Electoral right definedBNS 169Candidate, electoral right definedSame provision
IPC 171BBriberyBNS 170BriberySame provision
IPC 171CUndue influence at electionsBNS 171Undue influence at electionsSame provision
IPC 171DPersonation at electionsBNS 172Personation at electionsSame provision
IPC 171EPunishment for briberyBNS 173Punishment for briberySame provision
IPC 171FPunishment for undue influence or personation at an electionBNS 174Punishment for undue influence or personation at an electionSame provision
IPC 171GFalse statement in connection with an electionBNS 175False statement in connection with an electionSame provision
IPC 171HIllegal payments in connection with an electionBNS 176Illegal payments in connection with an electionChanged
IPC 171IFailure to keep election accounts—Not listed in the official tableNot listed in the official correspondence table.
IPC 172Absconding to avoid service of summons or other proceedingBNS 206Absconding to avoid service of summons or other proceedingChanged
IPC 173Preventing service of summons or other proceeding, or preventing publication thereofBNS 207Preventing service of summons or other proceeding, or preventing publication thereofChanged
IPC 174Non-attendance in obedience to an order form public servantBNS 208Non-attendance in obedience to an order from public servantChanged
IPC 174ANon-appearance in response to a proclamation under section 82 of Act 2 of 1974BNS 209Non-appearance in response to a proclamation under section 84 of Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023Changed
IPC 175Omission to produce document or electronic record to public servant by person legally bound to produce itBNS 210Omission to produce document or electronic record to public servant by a person legally bound to produce itChanged
IPC 176Omission to give notice or information to public servant by person legally bound to give itBNS 211Omission to give notice or information to public servant by a person legally bound to give itChanged
IPC 177Furnishing false informationBNS 212Furnishing false informationChanged
IPC 178Refusing oath or affirmation when duly required by public servant to make itBNS 213Refusing oath or affirmation when duly required by public servant to make itChanged
IPC 179Refusing to answer public servant authorised to questionBNS 214Refusing to answer public servant authorized to questionChanged
IPC 180Refusing to sign statementBNS 215Refusing to sign a statementChanged
IPC 181False statement on oath or affirmation to public servant or person authorised to administer an oath or affirmationBNS 216False statement on oath or affirmation to public servant or person authorized to administer an oath or affirmationSame provision
IPC 182False information, with intent to cause public servant to use his lawful power to the injury of another personBNS 217False information, with the intent to cause a public servant to use his lawful power to the injury of another personChanged
IPC 183Resistance to the taking of property by the lawful authority of a public servantBNS 218Resistance to taking of property by lawful authority of a public servantChanged
IPC 184Obstructing sale of property offered for sale by authority of public servantBNS 219Obstructing sale of property offered for sale by the authority of public servantChanged
IPC 185Illegal purchase or bid for property offered for sale by authority of public servantBNS 220Illegal purchase or bid for property offered for sale by the authority of public servantSame provision
IPC 186Obstructing public servant in discharge of public functionsBNS 221Obstructing public servant in discharge of public functionsChanged
IPC 187Omission to assist public servant when bound by law to give assistanceBNS 222Omission to assist public servant when bound by law to give assistanceChanged
IPC 188Disobedience to order duly promulgated by public servantBNS 223Disobedience to order duly promulgated by public servantChanged
IPC 189Threat of injury to public servantBNS 224Threat of injury to public servantSame provision
IPC 190Threat of injury to induce person to refrain from applying for protection to public servantBNS 225Threat of injury to induce a person to refrain from applying for protection to public servantSame provision
IPC 191Giving false evidenceBNS 227Giving false evidenceSame provision
IPC 192Fabricating false evidenceBNS 228Fabricating false evidenceSame provision
IPC 193Punishment for false evidenceBNS 229Punishment for false evidenceChanged
IPC 194Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of capital offenceBNS 230Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of capital offenceChanged
IPC 195Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of offence punishable with imprisonment for life or imprisonmentBNS 231Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of offence punishable with imprisonment for life or imprisonmentSame provision
IPC 195AThreatening any person to give false evidenceBNS 232Threatening any person to give false evidenceSame provision
IPC 196Using evidence known to be falseBNS 233Using evidence known to be falseSame provision
IPC 197Issuing or signing false certificateBNS 234Issuing or signing a false certificateSame provision
IPC 198Using as true a certificate known to be falseBNS 235Using as true a certificate known to be falseSame provision
IPC 199False statement made in declaration which is by law receivable as evidenceBNS 236False statement made in a declaration which is by law receivable as evidenceSame provision
IPC 200Using as true such declaration knowing it to be falseBNS 237Using as true such a declaration knowing it to be falseSame provision
IPC 201Causing disappearance of evidence of offence, or giving false information to screen offenderBNS 238Causing disappearance of evidence of an offence, or giving false information to screen an offenderSame provision
IPC 202Intentional omission to give information of offence by person bound to informBNS 239Intentional omission to give information of an offence by a person bound to informChanged
IPC 203Giving false information respecting an offence committedBNS 240Giving false information respecting an offence committedSame provision
IPC 204Destruction of document or electronic record to prevent its production as sevidenceBNS 241Destruction of a document or electronic record to prevent its production as evidenceChanged
IPC 205False personation for purpose of act or proceeding in suit or prosecutionBNS 242False personation for the purpose of an act or proceeding in a suit or prosecutionSame provision
IPC 206Fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent its seizure as forfeited or in executionBNS 243Fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent its seizure as forfeited or in executionChanged
IPC 207Fraudulent claim to property to prevent its seizure as forfeited or in executionBNS 244Fraudulent claim to property to prevent its seizure as forfeited or in executionSame provision
IPC 208Fraudulently suffering decree for sum not dueBNS 245Fraudulently suffering a decree for a sum not dueSame provision
IPC 209Dishonestly making false claim in CourtBNS 246Dishonestly making a false claim in CourtSame provision
IPC 210Fraudulently obtaining decree for sum not dueBNS 247Fraudulently obtaining a decree for a sum not dueSame provision
IPC 211False charge of offence made with intent to injureBNS 248False charge of an offence made with intent to injureChanged
IPC 212Harbouring offenderBNS 249Harbouring an offenderSame provision
IPC 213Taking gift, etc., to screen an offender from punishmentBNS 250Taking a gift, etc., to screen an offender from punishmentSame provision
IPC 214Offering gift or restoration of property in consideration of screening offenderBNS 251Offering a gift or restoration of property in consideration of screening an offenderSame provision
IPC 215Taking gift to help to recover stolen property, etcBNS 252Taking a gift to help to recover stolen property, etcSame provision
IPC 216Harbouring offender who has escaped from custody or whose apprehension has been orderedBNS 253Harbouring an offender who has escaped from custody or whose apprehension has been orderedSame provision
IPC 216APenalty for harbouring robbers or dacoitsBNS 254Penalty for harbouring robbers or dacoitsSame provision
IPC 216BDefinition of “harbour” in sections 212, 216 and 216A—DroppedRepealed before BNS: Rep. by the Indian Penal Code (Amendment) Act, 1942 (8 of 1942), sec. 3.]] _______________ 1.
IPC 217Public servant disobeying direction of law with intent to save person from punishment or property from forfeitureBNS 255Public servant disobeying direction of law with intent to save a person from punishment or property from forfeitureSame provision
IPC 218Public servant framing incorrect record or writing with intent to save person from punishment or property from forfeitureBNS 256Public servant framing an incorrect record or writing with intent to save a person from punishment or property from forfeitureSame provision
IPC 219Public servant in judicial proceeding corruptly making report, etc., contrary to lawBNS 257Public servant in judicial proceeding corruptly making a report, etc., contrary to lawSame provision
IPC 220Commitment for trial or confinement by person having authority who knows that he is acting contrary to lawBNS 258Commitment for trial or confinement by a person having authority who knows that he is acting contrary to lawSame provision
IPC 221Intentional omission to apprehend on the part of public servant bound to apprehendBNS 259Intentional omission to apprehend on the part of a public servant bound to apprehendSame provision
IPC 222Intentional omission to apprehend on the part of public servant bound to apprehend person under sentence or lawfully committedBNS 260Intentional omission to apprehend on the part of a public servant bound to apprehend a person under sentence or lawfully committedSame provision
IPC 223Escape from confinement or custody negligently suffered by public servantBNS 261Escape from confinement or custody negligently suffered by a public servantSame provision
IPC 224Resistance or obstruction by a person to his lawful apprehensionBNS 262Resistance or obstruction by a person to his lawful apprehensionSame provision
IPC 225Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension of another personBNS 263Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension of another personSame provision
IPC 225AOmission to apprehend, or sufferance of escape, on part of public servant, in cases not otherwise, provided forBNS 264Omission to apprehend, or sufferance of escape, on the part of a public servant, in cases not otherwise provided forSame provision
IPC 225BResistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension, or escape or rescue in cases not otherwise provided forBNS 265Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension or escape or rescue in cases not otherwise provided forSame provision
IPC 226Unlawful return from transportation—DroppedRepealed before BNS: Rep. by the Code of Criminal Procedure (Amendment) Act, 1995 (26 of 1995), sec. 117 and Sch. (
IPC 227Violation of condition of remission of punishmentBNS 266Violation of the condition of remission of punishmentSame provision
IPC 228Intentional insult or interruption to public servant sitting in judicial proceedingBNS 267Intentional insult or interruption to a public servant sitting in a judicial proceedingChanged
IPC 228ADisclosure of identity of the victim of certain offences etcBNS 72Disclosure of identity of victim of certain offences, etcSame provision
IPC 229Personation of a juror or assessorBNS 268Personation of an assessorSame provision
IPC 229AFailure by person released on bail or bond to appear in CourtBNS 269Failure by a person released on a bail bond or bond to appear in CourtSame provision
IPC 230Coin definedBNS 178(2)Counterfeiting coin, Government stamps, currency-notes or bank-notesSame provision
IPC 231Counterfeiting coinBNS 178Counterfeiting coin, Government stamps, currency-notes or bank-notesCombined with other sections
IPC 232Counterfeiting Indian coin—Not listed in the official tableNot listed in the official correspondence table.
IPC 233Making or selling instrument for counterfeiting coinBNS 181Making or possessing instruments or materials for forging or counterfeiting coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notesCombined with other sections
IPC 234Making or selling instrument for counterfeiting Indian coinBNS 181Making or possessing instruments or materials for forging or counterfeiting coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notesCombined with other sections
IPC 235Possession of instrument, or material for the purpose of using the same for counterfeiting coinBNS 181Making or possessing instruments or materials for forging or counterfeiting coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notesCombined with other sections
IPC 236Abetting in India the counterfeiting out of India of coin—DroppedMarked deleted in the table
IPC 237Import or export of counterfeit coinBNS 179Using as genuine, forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notesCombined with other sections
IPC 238Import or export of counterfeits of the India coinBNS 179Using as genuine, forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notesCombined with other sections
IPC 239Delivery of coin, possessed with knowledge that it is counterfeitBNS 179Using as genuine, forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notesCombined with other sections
IPC 240Delivery of Indian coin, possessed with knowledge that it is counterfeitBNS 179Using as genuine, forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notesCombined with other sections
IPC 241Delivery of coin as genuine, which, when first possessed, the deliverer did not know to be counterfeitBNS 179Using as genuine, forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notesCombined with other sections
IPC 242Possession of counterfeit coin by person who knew it to be counterfeit when he became possessed thereofBNS 180Possession of forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notesCombined with other sections
IPC 243Possession of Indian coin by person who knew it to be counterfeit when he became possessed thereofBNS 180Possession of forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notesCombined with other sections
IPC 244Person employed in mint causing coin to be of different weight or composition from that fixed by lawBNS 187Person employed in mint causing coin to be of different weight or composition from that fixed by lawSame provision
IPC 245Unlawfully taking coining instrument from mintBNS 188Unlawfully taking coining instrument from mintSame provision
IPC 246Fraudulently or dishonestly diminishing weight or altering composition of coinBNS 178(5)Counterfeiting coin, Government stamps, currency-notes or bank-notesCombined with other sections
IPC 247Fraudulently or dishonestly diminishing weight or altering composition of Indian coin—Not listed in the official tableNot listed in the official correspondence table.
IPC 248Altering appearance of coin with intent that it shall pass as coin of different descriptionBNS 178(5)Counterfeiting coin, Government stamps, currency-notes or bank-notesCombined with other sections
IPC 249Altering appearance of Indian coin with intent that it shall pass as coin of different description—Not listed in the official tableNot listed in the official correspondence table.
IPC 250Delivery of coin, possessed with knowledge that it is alteredBNS 179Using as genuine, forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notesCombined with other sections
IPC 251Delivery of Indian coin, possessed with knowledge that it is alteredBNS 179Using as genuine, forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notesCombined with other sections
IPC 252Possession of coin by person who knew it to be altered when he became possessed thereofBNS 180Possession of forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notesCombined with other sections
IPC 253Possession of Indian coin by person who knew it to be altered when he became possessed thereofBNS 180Possession of forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notesCombined with other sections
IPC 254Delivery of coin as genuine, which, when first possessed, the deliverer did not know to be alteredBNS 179Using as genuine, forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notesCombined with other sections
IPC 255Counterfeiting Government stampBNS 178Counterfeiting coin, Government stamps, currency-notes or bank-notesCombined with other sections
IPC 256Having possession of instrument or material for counterfeiting Government stampBNS 181Making or possessing instruments or materials for forging or counterfeiting coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notesCombined with other sections
IPC 257Making or selling instrument for counterfeiting Government stampBNS 181Making or possessing instruments or materials for forging or counterfeiting coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notesCombined with other sections
IPC 258Sale of counterfeit Government stamp.BNS 179Using as genuine, forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notesCombined with other sections
IPC 259Having possession of counterfeit Government stampBNS 180Possession of forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notesCombined with other sections
IPC 260Using as genuine a Government stamp known to be a counterfeitBNS 179Using as genuine, forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notesCombined with other sections
IPC 261Effacing, writing from substance bearing Government stamp, or removing from document a stamp used for it, with intent to cause loss to GovernmentBNS 183Effacing writing from substance bearing Government stamp, or removing from document a stamp used for it, with intent to cause loss to GovernmentSame provision
IPC 262Using Government stamp known to have been before usedBNS 184Using Government stamp known to have been before usedSame provision
IPC 263Erasure of mark denoting that stamp has been usedBNS 185Erasure of mark denoting that stamp has been usedSame provision
IPC 263AProhibition of fictitious stampsBNS 186Prohibition of fictitious stampsSame provision
IPC 264Fraudulent use of false instrument for weighing—DroppedMarked deleted in the table
IPC 265Fraudulent use of false weight or measure—DroppedMarked deleted in the table
IPC 266Being in possession of false weight or measure—DroppedMarked deleted in the table
IPC 267Making or selling false weight or measure—DroppedMarked deleted in the table
IPC 268Public nuisanceBNS 270Public nuisanceSame provision
IPC 269Negligent act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to lifeBNS 271Negligent act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to lifeSame provision
IPC 270Malignant act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to lifeBNS 272Malignant act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to lifeSame provision
IPC 271Disobedience to quarantine ruleBNS 273Disobedience to quarantine ruleSame provision
IPC 272Adulteration of food or drink intended for saleBNS 274Adulteration of food or drink intended for saleChanged
IPC 273Sale of noxious food or drinkBNS 275Sale of noxious food or drinkChanged
IPC 274Adulteration of drugsBNS 276Adulteration of drugsChanged
IPC 275Sale of adulterated drugsBNS 277Sale of adulterated drugsChanged
IPC 276Sale of drug as a different drug or preparationBNS 278Sale of a drug as a different drug or preparationChanged
IPC 277Fouling water of public spring or reservoirBNS 279Fouling water of public spring or reservoirChanged
IPC 278Making atmosphere noxious to healthBNS 280Making the atmosphere noxious to healthChanged
IPC 279Rash driving or riding on a public wayBNS 281Rash driving or riding on a public waySame provision
IPC 280Rash navigation of vesselBNS 282Rash navigation of a vesselChanged
IPC 281Exhibition of false light, mark or buoyBNS 283Exhibition of a false light, mark, or buoyChanged
IPC 282Conveying person by water for hire in unsafe or overloaded vesselBNS 284Conveying a person by water for hire in an unsafe or overloaded vesselChanged
IPC 283Danger or obstruction in public way or line of navigationBNS 285Danger or obstruction in a public way or line of navigationChanged
IPC 284Negligent conduct with respect to poisonous substanceBNS 286Negligent conduct with respect to a poisonous substanceChanged
IPC 285Negligent conduct with respect to fire or combustible matterBNS 287Negligent conduct with respect to fire or combustible matterChanged
IPC 286Negligent conduct with respect to explosive substanceBNS 288Negligent conduct with respect to an explosive substanceChanged
IPC 287Negligent conduct with respect to machineryBNS 289Negligent conduct with respect to machineryChanged
IPC 288Negligent conduct with respect to pulling down or repairing buildingsBNS 290Negligent conduct with respect to pulling down, repairing, or constructing buildings, etcChanged
IPC 289Negligent conduct with respect to animalBNS 291Negligent conduct with respect to an animalChanged
IPC 290Punishment for public nuisance in cases not otherwise provided forBNS 292Punishment for public nuisance in cases not otherwise provided forChanged
IPC 291Continuance of nuisance after injunction to discontinueBNS 293Continuance of a nuisance after an injunction to discontinueChanged
IPC 292Sale, etc., or obscene books, etcBNS 294Sale, etc., of obscene books, etcChanged
IPC 293Sale, etc., of obscene objects to young personBNS 295Sale, etc., of obscene objects to a childSame provision
IPC 294Obscene acts and songsBNS 296Obscene acts and songsChanged
IPC 294AKeeping lottery officeBNS 297Keeping a lottery officeChanged
IPC 295Injuring or defiling place of worship with intent to insult the religion of any classBNS 298Injuring or defiling a place of worship with intent to insult the religion of any classSame provision
IPC 295ADeliberate and malicious acts, intended to outrage religious feelings or any class by insulting its religion or religious beliefsBNS 299Deliberate and malicious acts intended to outrage religious feelings of any class by insulting its religion or religious beliefsSame provision
IPC 296Disturbing religious assemblyBNS 300Disturbing a religious assemblySame provision
IPC 297Trespassing on burial places, etcBNS 301Trespassing on burial places, etcSame provision
IPC 298Uttering, words, etc., with deliberate intent to wound the religious feelings of any personBNS 302Uttering words, etc., with deliberate intent to wound religious feelings of any personSame provision
IPC 299Culpable homicideBNS 100Culpable homicideSame provision
IPC 300MurderBNS 101MurderSame provision
IPC 301Culpable homicide by causing death of person other than person whose death was intendedBNS 102Culpable homicide by causing death of person other than person whose death was intendedSame provision
IPC 302Punishment for murderBNS 103Punishment for murderChanged
IPC 303Punishment for murder by life-convictBNS 104Punishment for murder by life-convictChanged
IPC 304Punishment for culpable homicide not amounting to murderBNS 105Punishment for culpable homicide not amounting to murderChanged
IPC 304ACausing death by negligenceBNS 106Causing death by negligenceChanged
IPC 304BDowry deathBNS 80Dowry deathSame provision
IPC 305Abetment of suicide of child or insane personBNS 107Abetment of suicide of child or person of unsound mindSame provision
IPC 306Abetment of suicideBNS 108Abetment of suicideSame provision
IPC 307Attempt to murderBNS 109Attempt to murderChanged
IPC 308Attempt to commit culpable homicideBNS 110Attempt to commit culpable homicideSame provision
IPC 309Attempt to commit suicide—DroppedMarked deleted in the table
IPC 310Thug—DroppedMarked deleted in the table
IPC 311Punishment—DroppedMarked deleted in the table
IPC 312Causing miscarriageBNS 88Causing miscarriageSame provision
IPC 313Causing miscarriage without woman’s consentBNS 89Causing miscarriage without woman’s consentSame provision
IPC 314Death caused by act done with intent to cause miscarriageBNS 90Death caused by an act done with the intent to cause miscarriageSame provision
IPC 315Act done with intent to prevent child being born alive or to cause it to die after birthBNS 91Act done with intent to prevent a child being born alive or to cause to die after birthSame provision
IPC 316Causing death of quick unborn child by act amounting to culpable homicideBNS 92Causing the death of a quick unborn child by an act amounting to culpable homicideSame provision
IPC 317Exposure and abandonment of child under twelve years, by parent or person having care of itBNS 93Exposure and abandonment of a child under twelve years of age, by parent or person having care of itSame provision
IPC 318Concealment of birth by secret disposal of dead bodyBNS 94Concealment of birth by secret disposal of a dead bodySame provision
IPC 319HurtBNS 114HurtSame provision
IPC 320Grievous hurtBNS 116Grievous hurtChanged
IPC 321Voluntarily causing hurtBNS 115Voluntarily causing hurtChanged
IPC 322Voluntarily causing grievous hurtBNS 117Voluntarily causing grievous hurtChanged
IPC 323Punishment for voluntarily causing hurtBNS 115(2)Voluntarily causing hurtChanged
IPC 324Voluntarily causing hurt by dangerous weapons or meansBNS 118Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt by dangerous weapons or meansChanged
IPC 325Punishment for voluntarily causing grievous hurtBNS 117(2)Voluntarily causing grievous hurtChanged
IPC 326Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by dangerous weapons or meansBNS 118(2)Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt by dangerous weapons or meansChanged
IPC 326AVoluntarily causing grievous hurt by use of acid etcBNS 124Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by use of acid, etcSame provision
IPC 326BVoluntarily throwing or attempting to throw acidBNS 124(2)Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by use of acid, etcSame provision
IPC 327Voluntarily causing hurt to extort property, or to constrain to an illegal actBNS 119Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to extort property, or to constrain to an illegal actSame provision
IPC 328Causing hurt by means of poison, etc., with intent to commit an offenceBNS 123Causing hurt by means of poison, etc., with intent to commit an offenceSame provision
IPC 329Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to extort property, or to constrain to an illegal actBNS 119(2)Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to extort property, or to constrain to an illegal actSame provision
IPC 330Voluntarily causing hurt to extort confession, or to compel restoration of propertyBNS 120(1)Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to extort confession, or to compel restoration of propertySame provision
IPC 331Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to extort confession, or to compel restoration of propertyBNS 120(2)Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to extort confession, or to compel restoration of propertySame provision
IPC 332Voluntarily causing hurt to deter public servant from his dutyBNS 121Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to deter public servant from his dutyChanged
IPC 333Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to deter public servant from his dutyBNS 121(2)Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to deter public servant from his dutyChanged
IPC 334Voluntarily causing hurt on provocationBNS 122Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt on provocationChanged
IPC 335Voluntarily causing grievous hurt on provocationBNS 122(2)Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt on provocationChanged
IPC 336Act endangering life or personal safety of othersBNS 125Act endangering life or personal safety of othersChanged
IPC 337Causing hurt by act endangering life or personal safety of othersBNS 125(a)Act endangering life or personal safety of othersChanged
IPC 338Causing grievous hurt by act endangering life or personal safety of othersBNS 125(b)Act endangering life or personal safety of othersChanged
IPC 339Wrongful restraintBNS 126Wrongful restraintChanged
IPC 340Wrongful confinementBNS 127Wrongful confinementSame provision
IPC 341Punishment for wrongful restraintBNS 126(2)Wrongful restraintChanged
IPC 342Punishment for wrongful ConfinementBNS 127(2)Wrongful confinementSame provision
IPC 343Wrongful confinement for three or more daysBNS 127(3)Wrongful confinementSame provision
IPC 344Wrongful confinement for ten or more daysBNS 127(4)Wrongful confinementSame provision
IPC 345Wrongful confinement of person for whose liberation writ has been issuedBNS 127(5)Wrongful confinementSame provision
IPC 346Wrongful confinement in secretBNS 127(6)Wrongful confinementSame provision
IPC 347Wrongful confinement to extort property, or constrain to illegal actBNS 127(7)Wrongful confinementSame provision
IPC 348Wrongful confinement to extort confession, or compel restoration of propertyBNS 127(8)Wrongful confinementSame provision
IPC 349ForceBNS 128ForceSame provision
IPC 350Criminal forceBNS 129Criminal forceSame provision
IPC 351AssaultBNS 130AssaultSame provision
IPC 352Punishment for assault or criminal force otherwise than on grave provocationBNS 131Punishment for assault or criminal force otherwise than on grave provocationChanged
IPC 353Assault or criminal force to deter public servant from discharge of his dutyBNS 132Assault or criminal force to deter public servant from discharge of his dutySame provision
IPC 354Assault or criminal force to woman with intent to outrage her modestyBNS 74Assault or use of criminal force to woman with intent to outrage her modestySame provision
IPC 354ASexual harassment and punishment for Sexual HarassmentBNS 75Sexual harassmentSame provision
IPC 354BAssault or use of criminal force with intent to disrobeBNS 76Assault or use of criminal force to woman with intent to disrobeChanged
IPC 354CVoyeurismBNS 77VoyeurismChanged
IPC 354DStalkingBNS 78StalkingSame provision
IPC 355Assault or criminal force with intent to dishonour person, otherwise than on grave provocationBNS 133Assault or criminal force with intent to dishonour person, otherwise than on grave provocationSame provision
IPC 356Assault or criminal force in attempt to commit theft of property carried by a personBNS 134Assault or criminal force in attempt to commit theft of property carried by a personSame provision
IPC 357Assault or criminal force in attempt wrongfully to confine a personBNS 135Assault or criminal force in attempt to wrongfully confine a personChanged
IPC 358Assault or criminal force on grave provocationBNS 136Assault or criminal force on grave provocationChanged
IPC 359KidnappingBNS 137KidnappingSame provision
IPC 360Kidnapping from IndiaBNS 137(1)(a)KidnappingSame provision
IPC 361Kidnapping from lawful guardianshipBNS 137(1)(b)KidnappingSame provision
IPC 362AbductionBNS 138AbductionSame provision
IPC 363Punishment for kidnappingBNS 137(2)KidnappingSame provision
IPC 363AKidnapping or maiming a minor for purposes of beggingBNS 139Kidnapping or maiming a child for purposes of beggingChanged
IPC 364Kidnapping or abducting in order to murderBNS 140Kidnapping or abducting in order to murder or for ransom, etcSame provision
IPC 364AKidnapping for ransom, etcBNS 140(2)Kidnapping or abducting in order to murder or for ransom, etcSame provision
IPC 365Kidnapping or abducting with intent secretly and wrongfully to confine personBNS 140(3)Kidnapping or abducting in order to murder or for ransom, etcSame provision
IPC 366Kidnapping, abducting or inducing woman to compel her marriage, etcBNS 87Kidnapping, abducting, or inducing a woman to compel her marriage, etcSame provision
IPC 366AProcreation of minor girlBNS 96Procuration of a childSame provision
IPC 366BImportation of girl from foreign countryBNS 141Importation of girl or boy from foreign countryChanged
IPC 367Kidnapping or abducting in order to subject person to grievous hurt, slavery, etcBNS 140(4)Kidnapping or abducting in order to murder or for ransom, etcSame provision
IPC 368Wrongfully concealing or keeping in confinement, kidnapped or abducted personBNS 142Wrongfully concealing or keeping in confinement, kidnapped or abducted personSame provision
IPC 369Kidnapping or abducting child under ten years with intent to steal from its personBNS 97Kidnapping or abducting a child under ten years of age with the intent to steal from its personSame provision
IPC 370Trafficking of personBNS 143Trafficking of personChanged
IPC 370AExploitation of a trafficked personBNS 144Exploitation of a trafficked personChanged
IPC 371Habitual dealing in slavesBNS 145Habitual dealing in slavesSame provision
IPC 372Selling minor for purposes of prostitution, etcBNS 98Selling a child for purposes of prostitution, etcSame provision
IPC 373Buying minor for purposes of prostitution, etcBNS 99Buying a child for purposes of prostitution, etcChanged
IPC 374Unlawful compulsory labourBNS 146Unlawful compulsory labourSame provision
IPC 375RapeBNS 63RapeSame provision
IPC 376Punishment for rapeBNS 64Punishment for rapeSame provision
IPC 376APunishment for causing death or resulting in persistent vegitative state of victimBNS 66Punishment for causing death or resulting in persistent vegetative state of victimSame provision
IPC 376ABPunishment for rape on woman under twelve years of ageBNS 65(2)Punishment for rape in certain casesSame provision
IPC 376BIntercourse by a man with his wife during separationBNS 67Sexual intercourse by husband upon his wife during separationSame provision
IPC 376CIntercourse by person in authorityBNS 68Sexual intercourse by a person in authoritySame provision
IPC 376DGang RapeBNS 70Gang rapeSame provision
IPC 376DAPunishment for gang rape on woman under sixteen years of ageBNS 70(2)Gang rapeCombined with other sections
IPC 376DBPunishment for gang rape on woman under twelve years of ageBNS 70(2)Gang rapeCombined with other sections
IPC 376EPunishment for repeat offendersBNS 71Punishment for repeat offendersSame provision
IPC 377Unnatural offences [Declared Unconstitutional by Supreme Court]—DroppedMarked deleted in the table; Our title carries a '[Declared unconstitutional]' note; the table marks the section deleted [p5].
IPC 378TheftBNS 303TheftChanged
IPC 379Punishment for theftBNS 303(2)TheftChanged
IPC 380Theft in dwelling house, etcBNS 305Theft in a dwelling house, or means of transportation or place of worship, etcChanged
IPC 381Theft by clerk or servant of property in possession of master.BNS 306Theft by clerk or servant of property in possession of masterSame provision
IPC 382Theft after preparation made for causing death, hurt or restraint in order to the committing of the theftBNS 307Theft after preparation made for causing death, hurt or restraint in order to committing theftSame provision
IPC 383ExtortionBNS 308ExtortionSame provision
IPC 384Punishment for extortionBNS 308(2)ExtortionSame provision
IPC 385Putting person in fear of injury in order to commit extortionBNS 308(3)ExtortionSame provision
IPC 386Extortion by putting a person in fear of death or grievous hurtBNS 308(5)ExtortionSame provision
IPC 387Putting person in fear of death or of grievous hurt, in order to commit extortionBNS 308(4)ExtortionSame provision
IPC 388Extortion by threat of accusation of an offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life, etcBNS 308(7)ExtortionSame provision
IPC 389Putting person in fear of accusation of offence, in order to commit extortionBNS 308(6)ExtortionSame provision
IPC 390RobberyBNS 309RobberySame provision
IPC 391DacoityBNS 310DacoityChanged
IPC 392Punishment for robberyBNS 309(4)RobberySame provision
IPC 393Attempt to commit robberyBNS 309(5)RobberySame provision
IPC 394Voluntarily causing hurt in committing robberyBNS 309(6)RobberySame provision
IPC 395Punishment for dacoityBNS 310(2)DacoityChanged
IPC 396Dacoity with murderBNS 310(3)DacoityChanged
IPC 397Robbery, or dacoity, with attempt to cause death or grievous hurtBNS 311Robbery, or dacoity, with attempt to cause death or grievous hurtSame provision
IPC 398Attempt to commit robbery or dacoity when armed with deadly weaponBNS 312Attempt to commit robbery or dacoity when armed with a deadly weaponSame provision
IPC 399Making preparation to commit dacoityBNS 310(4)DacoityChanged
IPC 400Punishment for belonging to gang of dacoitsBNS 310(6)DacoityChanged
IPC 401Punishment for belonging to gang of thievesBNS 313Punishment for belonging to a gang of robbers, etcSame provision
IPC 402Assembling for purpose of committing dacoityBNS 310(5)DacoityChanged
IPC 403Dishonest misappropriation of propertyBNS 314Dishonest misappropriation of propertyChanged
IPC 404Dishonest misappropriation of property possessed by deceased person at the time of his deathBNS 315Dishonest misappropriation of property possessed by a deceased person at the time of his deathSame provision
IPC 405Criminal breach of trustBNS 316Criminal breach of trustChanged
IPC 406Punishment for criminal breach of trustBNS 316(2)Criminal breach of trustChanged
IPC 407Criminal breach of trust by carrier, etcBNS 316(3)Criminal breach of trustChanged
IPC 408Criminal breach of trust by clerk or servantBNS 316(4)Criminal breach of trustChanged
IPC 409Criminal breach of trust by public servant, or by banker, merchant or agentBNS 316(5)Criminal breach of trustChanged
IPC 410Stolen PropertyBNS 317Stolen propertySame provision
IPC 411Dishonestly receiving stolen propertyBNS 317(2)Stolen propertySame provision
IPC 412Dishonestly receiving property stolen in the commission of a dacoityBNS 317(3)Stolen propertySame provision
IPC 413Habitually dealing in stolen propertyBNS 317(4)Stolen propertySame provision
IPC 414Assisting in concealment of stolen propertyBNS 317(5)Stolen propertySame provision
IPC 415CheatingBNS 318CheatingChanged
IPC 416Cheating by personationBNS 319(1)Cheating by personationSame provisionlisted under the unnumbered heading "Cheating by personation" [p19]
IPC 417Punishment for cheatingBNS 318(2)CheatingChanged
IPC 418Cheating with knowledge that wrongful loss may ensue to person whose interest offender is bound to protectBNS 318(3)CheatingChanged
IPC 419Punishment for cheating by personationBNS 319(2)Cheating by personationSame provision
IPC 420Cheating and dishonestly inducing delivery of propertyBNS 318(4)CheatingChanged
IPC 421Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent distribution among creditorsBNS 320Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent distribution among creditorsChanged
IPC 422Dishonestly or fraudulently preventing debt being available for creditorsBNS 321Dishonestly or fraudulently preventing debt being available for creditorsSame provision
IPC 423Dishonest or fraudulent execution of deed of transfer containing false statement of considerationBNS 322Dishonest or fraudulent execution of a deed of transfer containing false statement of considerationChanged
IPC 424Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of propertyBNS 323Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of propertyChanged
IPC 425MischiefBNS 324MischiefChanged
IPC 426Punished for mischiefBNS 324(2)MischiefChanged
IPC 427Mischief causing damage to the amount of fifty rupeesBNS 324(4)MischiefChanged
IPC 428Mischief by killing or maiming animal of the value of ten rupeesBNS 325Mischief by killing or maiming an animalCombined with other sections
IPC 429Mischief by killing or maiming cattle, etc., of any value or any animal of the value of fifty rupeesBNS 325Mischief by killing or maiming an animalCombined with other sections
IPC 430Mischief by injury to works of irrigation or by wrongfully diverting waterBNS 326Mischief by injury, inundation, fire or explosive substance, etcSame provision
IPC 431Mischief by injury to public road, bridge, river or channelBNS 326(b)Mischief by injury, inundation, fire or explosive substance, etcSame provision
IPC 432Mischief by causing inundation or obstruction to public drainage attended with damageBNS 326(c)Mischief by injury, inundation, fire or explosive substance, etcSame provision
IPC 433Mischief by destroying, moving or rendering less useful a light-house or sea-markBNS 326(d)Mischief by injury, inundation, fire or explosive substance, etcSame provision
IPC 434Mischief by destroying or moving, etc., a land- mark fixed by public authorityBNS 326(e)Mischief by injury, inundation, fire or explosive substance, etcSame provision
IPC 435Mischief by fire or explosive substance with intent to cause damage to amount of one hundred or (in case of agricultural produce) ten rupeesBNS 326(f)Mischief by injury, inundation, fire or explosive substance, etcSame provision
IPC 436Mischief by fire or explosive substance with intent to destroy house, etcBNS 326(g)Mischief by injury, inundation, fire or explosive substance, etcSame provision
IPC 437Mischief with intent to destroy or make unsafe a decked vessel or one of twenty tons burdenBNS 327Mischief with intent to destroy or make unsafe a rail, aircraft, decked vessel or one of twenty tons burdenSame provision
IPC 438Punishment for the mischief described in section 437 committed by fire or explosive substanceBNS 327(2)Mischief with intent to destroy or make unsafe a rail, aircraft, decked vessel or one of twenty tons burdenSame provision
IPC 439Punishment for intentionally running vessel aground or ashore with intent to commit theft, etcBNS 328Punishment for intentionally running a vessel aground or ashore with intent to commit theft, etcSame provision
IPC 440Mischief committed after preparation made for causing death or hurtBNS 324(6)MischiefChanged
IPC 441Criminal trespassBNS 329Criminal trespass and house-trespassChanged
IPC 442House trespassBNS 329(2)Criminal trespass and house-trespassChanged
IPC 443Lurking house-trespassBNS 330House-trespass and house-breakingSame provision
IPC 444Lurking house-trespass by night—DroppedMarked deleted in the table
IPC 445Housing breakingBNS 330(2)House-trespass and house-breakingSame provision
IPC 446House-breaking by night—DroppedMarked deleted in the table
IPC 447Punishment for criminal trespassBNS 329(3)Criminal trespass and house-trespassChanged
IPC 448Punishment for house-trespassBNS 329(4)Criminal trespass and house-trespassChanged
IPC 449House-trespass in order to commit offence punishable with deathBNS 332House-trespass in order to commit an offenceSame provision
IPC 450House-trespass in order to commit offence punishable with imprisonment for lifeBNS 332(b)House-trespass in order to commit an offenceSame provision
IPC 451House-trespass in order to commit offence punishable with imprisonmentBNS 332(c)House-trespass in order to commit an offenceSame provision
IPC 452House-trespass after preparation for hurt, assault or wrongful restraintBNS 333House-trespass after preparation for hurt, assault or wrongful restraintSame provision
IPC 453Punishment for lurking house-trespass or house-breakingBNS 331Punishment for house-trespass or house-breakingSame provision
IPC 454Lurking house-trespass or house-breaking in order to commit offence punishable with imprisonmentBNS 331(3)Punishment for house-trespass or house-breakingSame provision
IPC 455Lurking house-trespass or house-breaking after preparation for hurt, assault or wrongful restraintBNS 331(5)Punishment for house-trespass or house-breakingSame provision
IPC 456Punishment for lurking house-trespass or house-breaking by nightBNS 331(2)Punishment for house-trespass or house-breakingSame provision
IPC 457Lurking house trespass or house-breaking by night in order to commit offence punishable with imprisonmentBNS 331(4)Punishment for house-trespass or house-breakingSame provision
IPC 458Lurking house-trespass or house-breaking by night after preparation for hurt, assault, or wrongful restraintBNS 331(6)Punishment for house-trespass or house-breakingSame provision
IPC 459Grievous hurt caused whilst committing lurking house trespass or house-breakingBNS 331(7)Punishment for house-trespass or house-breakingSame provision
IPC 460All persons jointly concerned in lurking house-trespass or house-breaking by night punishable where death or grievous hurt caused by one of themBNS 331(8)Punishment for house-trespass or house-breakingSame provision
IPC 461Dishonestly breaking open receptacle containing propertyBNS 334Dishonestly breaking open a receptacle containing propertySame provision
IPC 462Punishment for same offence when committed by person entrusted with custodyBNS 334(2)Dishonestly breaking open a receptacle containing propertySame provision
IPC 463ForgeryBNS 336ForgerySame provision
IPC 464Making a false documentBNS 335Making a false documentSame provision
IPC 465Punishment for forgeryBNS 336(2)ForgerySame provision
IPC 466Forgery of record of court or of public register, etcBNS 337Forgery of the record of a Court or of a public register, etcSame provision
IPC 467Forgery of valuable security, will, etcBNS 338Forgery of a valuable security, will, etcSame provision
IPC 468Forgery for purpose of cheatingBNS 336(3)ForgerySame provision
IPC 469Forgery for purpose of harming reputationBNS 336(4)ForgerySame provision
IPC 470Forged document or electronic recordBNS 340Forged document or electronic record and using it as genuineSame provision
IPC 471Using as genuine a forged document or electronic recordBNS 340(2)Forged document or electronic record and using it as genuineSame provision
IPC 472Making or possessing counterfeit seal, etc., with intent to commit forgery punishable under section 467BNS 341Making or possessing a counterfeit seal, etc., with intent to commit forgery punishable under section 338Same provision
IPC 473Making or possessing counterfeit seal, etc., with intent to commit forgery punishable otherwiseBNS 341(2)Making or possessing a counterfeit seal, etc., with intent to commit forgery punishable under section 338Same provision
IPC 474Having possession of document described in Section 466 or 467, knowing it to be forged and intending to use it as genuineBNS 339Having possession of a document described in section 337 or section 338, knowing it to be forged and intending to use it as genuineSame provision
IPC 475Counterfeiting device or mark used for authenticating documents described in Section 467, or possessing counterfeit marked materialBNS 342Counterfeiting a device or mark used for authenticating documents described in section 338, or possessing counterfeit marked materialSame provision
IPC 476Counterfeiting device or mark used for authenticating docu­ments other than those described in section 467, or possessing counterfeit marked materialBNS 342(2)Counterfeiting a device or mark used for authenticating documents described in section 338, or possessing counterfeit marked materialSame provision
IPC 477Fraudulent cancellation, destruction, etc., of will, authority to adopt, or valuable securityBNS 343Fraudulent cancellation, destruction, etc., of a will, authority to adopt, or valuable securitySame provision
IPC 477AFalsification of accountsBNS 344Falsification of accountsSame provision
IPC 478Trade marks—DroppedRepealed before BNS: Rep. by the Trade and Merchandise Marks Act, 1958 (43 of 1958, sec. 135 and Sch. (w.e.f. 25-11
IPC 479Property markBNS 345Property markSame provision
IPC 480Using a false trade mark—DroppedRepealed before BNS: Rep. by the Trade and Merchandise Marks Act, 1958 (43 of 1958), s. 135 and Sch., (w.e.f. 25-11
IPC 481Using a false property markBNS 345(2)Property markSame provision
IPC 482Punishment for using a false property markBNS 345(3)Property markSame provision
IPC 483Counterfeiting a property mark used by anotherBNS 347Counterfeiting a property markSame provision
IPC 484Counterfeiting a mark used by a public servantBNS 347(2)Counterfeiting a property markSame provision
IPC 485Making or possession of any instrument for counterfeiting a property markBNS 348Making or possession of any instrument for counterfeiting a property markSame provision
IPC 486Selling goods marked with a counterfeit property markBNS 349Selling goods marked with a counterfeit property markSame provision
IPC 487Making a false mark upon any receptacle containing goodsBNS 350Making a false mark upon any receptacle containing goodsSame provision
IPC 488Punishment for making use of any such false markBNS 350(2)Making a false mark upon any receptacle containing goodsSame provision
IPC 489Tampering with property mark with intent to cause injuryBNS 346Tampering with a property mark with the intent to cause injurySame provision
IPC 489ACounterfeiting currency-notes or bank-notesBNS 178Counterfeiting coin, Government stamps, currency-notes or bank-notesCombined with other sections
IPC 489BUsing as genuine, forged or counterfeit currency-notes or bank-notesBNS 179Using as genuine, forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notesCombined with other sections
IPC 489CPossession of forged or counterfeit currency-notes or bank-notesBNS 180Possession of forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notesCombined with other sections
IPC 489DMaking or possessing instruments or materials for forgoing or counterfeiting currency-notes or bank-notesBNS 181Making or possessing instruments or materials for forging or counterfeiting coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notesCombined with other sections
IPC 489EMaking or using documents resembling currency-notes or bank-notesBNS 182Making or using documents resembling currency-notes or bank-notesChanged
IPC 490Breach of contract of service during voyage or journey—DroppedRepealed before BNS: Rep. by the Workmen`s Breach of Contract (Repealing) Act, 1925 (3 of 1925), sec. 2 and Sch.]
IPC 491Breach of contract to attend on and supply wants of helpless personBNS 357Breach of contract to attend on and supply the wants of a helpless personSame provision
IPC 492Breach of contract to serve at distant place to which servant is conveyed at master’s expense—DroppedRepealed before BNS: Rep. by the workmen`s Breach of Contract (Repealing) Act, 1925 (3 of 1925), sec. 2 and Sch.]
IPC 493Cohabitation caused by a man deceitfully inducing a belief of lawful marriageBNS 81Cohabitation caused by man deceitfully inducing belief of lawful marriageSame provision
IPC 494Marrying again during lifetime of husband or wifeBNS 82Marrying again during the lifetime of husband or wifeSame provision
IPC 495Same offence with concealment of former marriage from person with whom subsequent marriage is contractedBNS 82(2)Marrying again during the lifetime of husband or wifeSame provision
IPC 496Marriage ceremony fraudulently gone through without lawful marriageBNS 83Marriage ceremony fraudulently gone through without lawful marriageSame provision
IPC 497Adultery [Declared unconstitutional by Supreme Court of India]—DroppedMarked deleted in the table; Our title carries a '[Declared unconstitutional]' note; the table marks the section deleted [p6].
IPC 498Enticing or taking away or detaining with criminal intent a married womanBNS 84Enticing or taking away or detaining with criminal intent a married womanSame provision
IPC 498AHusband or relative of husband of a women subjecting her to crueltyBNS 85Husband or relative of the husband of a woman subjecting her to crueltyBNS 86Cruelty definedSplit across sectionsThe table's second 498A row is its Explanation, which became BNS 86 [p6].
IPC 499DefamationBNS 356DefamationChanged
IPC 500Punishment for defamationBNS 356(2)DefamationChanged
IPC 501Printing or engraving matter known to be defamatoryBNS 356(3)DefamationChanged
IPC 502Sale of printed or engraved substance containing defamatory matterBNS 356(4)DefamationChanged
IPC 503Criminal intimidationBNS 351Criminal intimidationSame provision
IPC 504Intentional insult with intent to provoke breach of the peaceBNS 352Intentional insult with intent to provoke a breach of peaceSame provision
IPC 505Statements conducing to public mischiefBNS 353Statements conducing to public mischiefSame provision
IPC 506Punishment for criminal intimidationBNS 351(2)Criminal intimidationBNS 351(3)Criminal intimidationSplit across sections
IPC 507Criminal intimidation by an anonymous communicationBNS 351(4)Criminal intimidationSame provision
IPC 508Act caused by inducing person to believe that he will be rendered an object of the Divine displeasureBNS 354Act caused by inducing a person to believe that he will be rendered an object of Divine displeasureSame provision
IPC 509Word, gesture or act intended to insult the modesty of a womanBNS 79Word, gesture or act intended to insult modesty of a womanSame provision
IPC 510Misconduct in public by a drunken personBNS 355Misconduct in public by a drunken personChanged
IPC 511Punishment for attempting to commit offences punishable with imprisonment for life or other imprisonmentBNS 62Punishment for attempting to commit offences punishable with imprisonment for life or other imprisonmentSame provision

Common questions

What is IPC 302 in BNS?
IPC 302 (Punishment for murder) corresponds to BNS 103 (Punishment for murder) under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023.
What is IPC 307 in BNS?
IPC 307 (Attempt to murder) corresponds to BNS 109 (Attempt to murder) under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023.
What is IPC 376 in BNS?
IPC 376 (Punishment for rape) corresponds to BNS 64 (Punishment for rape) under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023.
What is IPC 420 in BNS?
IPC 420 (Cheating and dishonestly inducing delivery of property) corresponds to BNS 318(4) (Cheating) under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023.
What is IPC 498A in BNS?
IPC 498A (Husband or relative of husband of a women subjecting her to cruelty) corresponds to BNS 85 (Husband or relative of the husband of a woman subjecting her to cruelty) and BNS 86 (Cruelty defined) under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023.
What is IPC 304B in BNS?
IPC 304B (Dowry death) corresponds to BNS 80 (Dowry death) under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023.
What is IPC 354 in BNS?
IPC 354 (Assault or criminal force to woman with intent to outrage her modesty) corresponds to BNS 74 (Assault or use of criminal force to woman with intent to outrage her modesty) under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023.
What is IPC 506 in BNS?
IPC 506 (Punishment for criminal intimidation) corresponds to BNS 351(2) (Criminal intimidation) and BNS 351(3) (Criminal intimidation) under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023.
What is IPC 34 in BNS?
IPC 34 (Acts done by several persons in furtherance of common intention) corresponds to BNS 3(5) (General explanations) under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023.
What is IPC 120B in BNS?
IPC 120B (Punishment of criminal conspiracy) corresponds to BNS 61(2) (Criminal conspiracy) under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023.
What is IPC 379 in BNS?
IPC 379 (Punishment for theft) corresponds to BNS 303(2) (Theft) under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023.
What is IPC 323 in BNS?
IPC 323 (Punishment for voluntarily causing hurt) corresponds to BNS 115(2) (Voluntarily causing hurt) under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023.