BBanaka

Constitution of India

Read 63 articles and the Preamble in English and Hindi, with original guides and explained quizzes on Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties.

Also available in: English · हिंदी

Selected Marathi text and explanations · मराठी

All parts and 12 schedules

Constitution of India, as on 1 May 2024 (English)

  1. Part I
  2. Part II
  3. Part III
  4. Part IV
  5. Part IVA
  6. Part V
  7. Part VI
  8. Part VII
  9. Part VIII
  10. Part IX
  11. Part IXA
  12. Part IXB
  13. Part X
  14. Part XI
  15. Part XII
  16. Part XIII
  17. Part XIV
  18. Part XIVA
  19. Part XV
  20. Part XVI
  21. Part XVII
  22. Part XVIII
  23. Part XIX
  24. Part XX
  25. Part XXI
  26. Part XXII
  27. First Schedule
  28. Second Schedule
  29. Third Schedule
  30. Fourth Schedule
  31. Fifth Schedule
  32. Sixth Schedule
  33. Seventh Schedule
  34. Eighth Schedule
  35. Ninth Schedule
  36. Tenth Schedule
  37. Eleventh Schedule
  38. Twelfth Schedule
Study: explanations and related material

Rights and governance study pack

Start with a complete topic, see how its provisions fit together, and check your understanding.

Part III · Articles 12–35

Fundamental Rights

A guided map of equality, freedom, protection from exploitation, religious freedom, cultural and educational rights, and constitutional remedies.

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Part IV · Articles 36–51

Directive Principles of State Policy

A study guide to the Constitution’s social, economic, environmental and institutional directions for government.

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Part IVA · Article 51A

Fundamental Duties

An organized guide to the eleven constitutional duties of every citizen, from constitutional values and national unity to the environment, scientific temper and education.

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Constitutional text

Preamble

  1. Preamble

Part I - The Union and Its Territory (1–4)

  1. Article 1Name and territory of the Union
  2. Article 3Formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing States

Part II - Citizenship (5–11)

  1. Article 5Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution

Part III - Fundamental Rights (12–35)

  1. Article 12Definition
  2. Article 13Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights
  3. Article 14Equality before law
  4. Article 15Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth
  5. Article 16Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment
  6. Article 17Abolition of Untouchability
  7. Article 18Abolition of titles
  8. Article 19Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc
  9. Article 20Protection in respect of conviction for offences
  10. Article 21Protection of life and personal liberty
  11. Article 21ARight to education
  12. Article 22Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases
  13. Article 23Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour
  14. Article 24Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc.
  15. Article 25Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion
  16. Article 26Freedom to manage religious affairs
  17. Article 27Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion
  18. Article 28Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institutions
  19. Article 29Protection of Interests of minorities
  20. Article 30Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions
  21. Article 31ASaving of laws providing for acquisition of estates, etc
  22. Article 31BValidation of certain Acts and Regulations
  23. Article 31CSaving of laws giving effect to certain directive principles
  24. Article 32Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this Part
  25. Article 33Power of Parliament to modify the rights conferred by this Part in their application to Foreces, etc
  26. Article 34Restriction on rights conferred by this Part while martial law is in force in any area
  27. Article 35Legislation to give effect to the provisions of this Part

Part IV - Directive Principles of State Policy (36–51)

  1. Article 36Definition
  2. Article 37Application of the principles contained in this Part
  3. Article 38State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people
  4. Article 39Certain principles of policy to be followed by the States
  5. Article 39AEqual justice and free legal aid
  6. Article 40Organisation of village panchayats
  7. Article 41Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases
  8. Article 42Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief
  9. Article 43Living wage, etc., for workers
  10. Article 43AParticipation of workers in management of Industries
  11. Article 43BPromotion of co-oprative societies
  12. Article 44Uniform civil code for the citizens
  13. Article 45Provision for early childhood care and education to children below the age of six years
  14. Article 46Promotion of educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections
  15. Article 47Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health
  16. Article 48Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry
  17. Article 48AProtection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wild life
  18. Article 49Protection of monuments and places and objects of national importance
  19. Article 50Separation of judiciary from executive
  20. Article 51Promotion of international peace and security

Part IV(A) - Fundamental Duties (51a)

  1. Article 51AFundamental duties

Part V - The Union (52–151)

  1. Article 72Power of President to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases
  2. Article 123Power of President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Parliament

Part VI - The States (152–237)

  1. Article 226Power of High Courts to issue certain writs

Part VIII - The Union Territories (239–242)

  1. Article 239AASpecial provisions with respect to Delhi

Part IX - The Panchayats (243–243o)

  1. Article 243DReservation of seats

Part XII - Finance, Property, Contract and Suits (264–300a)

  1. Article 300APersons not to be deprived of property save by authority of law

Part XV - Elections (324–329a)

  1. Article 324Superintendence, direction and control of elections to be vested in an Election Commission

Part XVII - Official Language (343–351)

  1. Article 343Official language of the Union

Part XVIII - Emergency Provisions (352–360)

  1. Article 352Proclamation of Emergency
  2. Article 356Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States
  3. Article 360Provisions as to financial emergency

Part XX - Amendment Of The Constitution (368)

  1. Article 368Power of Parliament to amend the Constitution and procedure therefor