IEA Section 99: Who may give evidence of agreement varying term of document
Indian Evidence Act, 1872 · Chapter 6: The Exclusion Of Oral By Documentary Evidence
Repealed on 1 July 2024 and replaced by the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA).
¶Persons who are not parties to a document, or their representatives in interest, may give evidence of any facts tending to show a contemporaneous agreement varying the terms of the document.
¶ Illustration
¶A and B make a contract in writing that B shall sell A certain cotton, to be paid for on delivery. At the same time they make an oral agreement that three month’s credit shall be given to A. This could not be shown as between A and B, but it might be shown by C, if it affected his interests.
Study: explanations and related material
Now BSA 102 (corresponding section). IEA → BSA converterSource: BPR&D BSA–IEA corresponding section table (UP Police, 2024-07-03), p11
Official reference: Legislative Department, Assam: government historical reference — source link checked: 2 October 2026.Recorded edition / snapshot date: 2024-06-30.Mobile-app reference import; the recorded snapshot date is not a fresh legal-currency guarantee. The linked government text is an independent authoritative reference, not certification that this website reproduces the same edition. The source link was checked, not every provision or subsequent amendment. Check commencement notifications, savings and jurisdiction-specific variations separately. Historical code retained for reference; read the repeal/savings provisions in the successor code.
This text is for reference, not legal advice. Consult the official source for the authoritative text.
Other sections in this chapter
- 91. Evidence of terms of contracts, grants and other dispositions of property reduced to form of document
- 92. Exclusion of evidence of oral agreement
- 93. Exclusion of evidence to explain or amend ambiguous document
- 94. Exclusion of evidence against application of document to existing facts
- 95. Evidence as to document unmeaning in reference to existing facts
- 96. Evidence as to application of language which can apply to one only of several persons
- 97. Evidence as to application of language to one of two sets of facts, to neither of which the whole correctly applies
- 98. Evidence as to meaning of illegible characters, etc
- 100. Saving of provisions of Indian Succession Act relating to wills