Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023

The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA) governs evidence in Indian courts: which facts are relevant, how they are proved, and how witnesses are examined. It came into force on 1 July 2024, replacing the Indian Evidence Act, 1872.

Also available in: हिंदी

Chapters and sections

1. Chapter 1: Preliminary2 sections
2. Chapter 2: Relevancy of Facts48 sections
3. Chapter 3: Facts Which Need Not Be Proved3 sections
4. Chapter 4: Of Oral Evidence2 sections
5. Chapter 5: Of Documentary Evidence38 sections
6. Chapter 6: Of the Exclusion of Oral Evidence by Documentary Evidence10 sections
7. Chapter 7: Of the Burden of Proof17 sections
8. Chapter 8: Estoppel3 sections
9. Chapter 9: Of Witnesses16 sections
10. Chapter 10: Of Examination of Witnesses29 sections
11. Chapter 11: Of Improper Admission and Rejection of Evidence1 sections
12. Chapter 12: Repeal and Savings1 sections

Official reference: Ministry of Home Affairs: Gazette text, 25 December 2023 — source link checked: 2 October 2026.Recorded edition / snapshot date: 2024-07-01.Mobile-app reference import; the recorded snapshot date is not a fresh legal-currency guarantee. The linked government text is an independent authoritative reference, not certification that this website reproduces the same edition. The source link was checked, not every provision or subsequent amendment. Check commencement notifications, savings and jurisdiction-specific variations separately.