BSA Section 81: Presumption as to Gazettes in electronic or digital record
Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 · Chapter 5: Of Documentary Evidence
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¶81. The Court shall presume the genuineness of every electronic or digital record purporting to be the Official Gazette, or purporting to be electronic or digital record directed by any law to be kept by any person, if such electronic or digital record is kept substantially in the form required by law and is produced from proper custody.
¶Explanation.\u2014For the purposes of this section and section 93 electronic records are said to be in proper custody if they are in the place in which, and looked after by the person with whom such document is required to be kept; but no custody is improper if it is proved to have had a legitimate origin, or the circumstances of the particular case are such as to render that origin probable.
Study: explanations and related material
Replaces IEA 81A. IEA → BSA converterSource: BPR&D BSA–IEA corresponding section table (UP Police, 2024-07-03)
Official reference: Ministry of Home Affairs: Gazette text, 25 December 2023 — source link checked: 2 October 2026.Recorded edition / snapshot date: 2024-07-01.Mobile-app reference import; the recorded snapshot date is not a fresh legal-currency guarantee. The linked government text is an independent authoritative reference, not certification that this website reproduces the same edition. The source link was checked, not every provision or subsequent amendment. Check commencement notifications, savings and jurisdiction-specific variations separately.
This text is for reference, not legal advice. Consult the official source for the authoritative text.
Other sections in this chapter
- 56. Proof of contents of documents
- 57. Primary evidence
- 58. Secondary evidence
- 59. Proof of documents by primary evidence
- 60. Cases in which secondary evidence relating to documents may be given
- 61. Electronic or digital record
- 62. Special provisions as to evidence relating to electronic record
- 63. Admissibility of electronic records
- 64. Rules as to notice to produce
- 65. Proof of signature and handwriting of person alleged to have signed or written document produced
- 66. Proof as to electronic signature
- 67. Proof of execution of document required by law to be attested
- 68. Proof where no attesting witness found
- 69. Admission of execution by party to attested document
- 70. Proof when attesting witness denies execution
- 71. Proof of document not required by law to be attested
- 72. Comparison of signature, writing or seal with others admitted or proved
- 73. Proof as to verification of digital signature
- 74. Public and private documents
- 75. Certified copies of public documents
- 76. Proof of documents by production of certified copies
- 77. Proof of other official documents
- 78. Presumption as to genuineness of certified copies
- 79. Presumption as to documents produced as record of evidence, etc
- 80. Presumption as to Gazettes, newspapers, and other documents
- 82. Presumption as to maps or plans made by authority of Government
- 83. Presumption as to collections of laws and reports of decisions
- 84. Presumption as to powers-of-attorney
- 85. Presumption as to electronic agreements
- 86. Presumption as to electronic records and electronic signatures
- 87. Presumption as to Electronic Signature Certificates
- 88. Presumption as to certified copies of foreign judicial records
- 89. Presumption as to books, maps and charts
- 90. Presumption as to electronic messages
- 91. Presumption as to due execution, etc., of documents not produced
- 92. Presumption as to documents thirty years old
- 93. Presumption as to electronic records five years old