BBanaka

NI Act: Chapter 13: Special rules of evidence

Also available in: हिंदी

  1. Section 118. Presumptions as to negotiable instruments
  2. Section 119. Presumption on proof of protest
  3. Section 120. Estoppel against denying original validity of instrument
  4. Section 121. Estoppel against denying capacity of payee to indorse
  5. Section 122. Estoppel against denying signature or capacity of prior party
NI Act: original English/Hindi guides →

Official reference: India Code, Government of India — official section HTML — source review: 5 October 2026.Recorded edition / snapshot date: 2026-10-05.Banaka reference transcription of the official HTML snapshot; not an official or certified edition. Source wording and amendment brackets are retained; layout and footnote callouts are omitted. The recorded date is the review snapshot, not a separately dated consolidation. Hindi guides are original explanations. Read the source amendment notes and current judicial interpretation alongside the text. The historical schedule and section 2 are repealed.Read the original schedule and amendment notes