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ICA Chapter 2: Contracts, Voidable Contracts and Void Agreements

Plain-language guide

What this part covers

Chapter II contains the central enforceability rules. It addresses capacity, consent and free consent; coercion, undue influence, fraud, misrepresentation and mistake; lawful consideration and objects; and categories of void agreements.

Key provisions

  1. Section 10. What agreements are contracts
  2. Section 11. Who are competent to contract
  3. Section 12. What is a sound mind for the purposes of contracting
  4. Section 13. "Consent" defined
  5. Section 14. "Free consent" defined
  6. Section 15. "Coercion" defined
  7. Section 16. "Undue influence" defined
  8. Section 17. "Fraud" defined
  9. Section 18. "Misrepresentation" defined
  10. Section 19. Voidability of agreements without free consent
  11. Section 19A. Power to set aside contract induced by undue influence
  12. Section 20. Agreement void where both parties are under mistake as to matter of fact
  13. Section 21. Effect of mistakes as to law
  14. Section 22. Contract caused by mistake of one party as to matter of fact
  15. Section 23. What considerations and objects are lawful and what not
  16. Section 24. Agreement void, if considerations and objects unlawful in part
  17. Section 25. Agreement without consideration void, unless it is in writing and registered, or is a promise to compensate for something done, or is a promise to pay a debt barred by limitation law
  18. Section 26. Agreement in restraint of marriage void
  19. Section 27. Agreement in restraint of trade void
  20. Section 28. Agreements in restraint of legal proceedings void
  21. Section 29. Agreements void for uncertainty
  22. Section 30. Agreements by way of wager void

Study check

Check enforceability and consent

Choose an answer, then check it. Scoring stays in your browser and every explanation links to the statutory text.

  1. 1.Who is competent to contract under section 11?
  2. 2.Which is not listed in section 14 as something that prevents consent from being free?

Official reference: India Code, Legislative Department — checked: 29 September 2026.