First Schedule · Order 8 · Rule 2
New facts must be specially pleaded
2. New facts must be specially pleaded.—The defendant must raise by his pleading all matters which show the suit not be maintainable, or that the transaction is either void or voidable in point of law, and all such grounds of defence as, if not raised, would be likely to take the opposite party by surprise, or would raise issues of fact not arising out of the plaint, as, for instance, fraud, limitation, release, payment, performance, or facts showing illegality.
Understand civil procedure
Banaka editorial consolidation of the general central text, with the 2025 postal-service amendments applied. Not an official or certified edition. State/High Court variations, commercial-dispute modifications and prescribed Appendix forms are not consolidated here; consult the source and applicable court rules. Hindi learning guides are original explanations, not a statutory translation. Source checked: 2026-10-01. Source PDF page: 103. Government reference PDF. 2025 amending Act. For reference and study, not individual legal advice.