Compare sale, mortgage, lease, exchange and gift
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Identify the interest first, then consider value and formalities. This table is a study comparison, not a deed-selection or fee calculator.
Sale
- Interest
- Ownership
- Value
- Price paid or promised
- Formalities
- Section 54 sale modes; read registration/state rules
Mortgage
- Interest
- Interest securing an obligation
- Value
- Security for the defined debt/obligation
- Formalities
- Section 59; title-deed-deposit exception and mortgage type matter
Lease
- Interest
- Right to enjoy property
- Value
- Premium, rent or other specified value
- Formalities
- Section 107; duration/yearly-rent rules and applicable law
Exchange
- Interest
- Mutual ownership transfers
- Value
- Another thing; see section 118's money qualification
- Formalities
- Manner provided for sale of the relevant property
Gift
- Interest
- Existing property transferred voluntarily
- Value
- Without consideration, with required acceptance
- Formalities
- Section 123 registered instrument/attestation or delivery; section 129 savings
Look at legal effect, not just the label
A sale price may be promised; that does not turn it into a gift. A mortgage raises security and redemption questions; a lease concerns enjoyment. Exchange follows the applicable sale manner. A gift requires attention to acceptance and section 129's savings.
The instrument, title, state amendments and other laws can change the result. This comparison does not classify or approve a real transaction.
Connect with contract law
Read the Indian Contract Act on capacity, consent and lawful objects alongside the property provisions.
Original educational explanations and fictional examples; not individual legal advice or property-title verification.
Official statutory reference: Government of India reference, hosted by Andhra Pradesh High Court